Used boats

At a minimum: Year of construction, dimensions (length/width/draft), engine specifications (type, power, service history, operating hours if available), condition of the hull, rigging/sails (for sailboats), electrical system (12/24/230 V), list of equipment, as well as details regarding mooring/location and available documents. The more transparent these details are, the easier it is to plan the inspection, test sail, and budget.

A thorough inspection (hull, deck, through-hull fittings, rigging, engine compartment), a test run (engine, transmission, cooling system, maneuverability), and—if you’re seriously considering a purchase—ideally an expert appraisal are essential. Critical points include moisture/osmosis, corrosion, the condition of through-hull fittings/hoses, the electrical system, as well as the age and condition of the standing rigging (shrouds/stays).

In addition to the purchase price, always budget for safety and maintenance work: engine service, impeller/hoses, batteries, seacocks, and, if necessary, a sail/rig check, antifouling, and hull maintenance. A good approach is to create a priority list: must be done immediately (safety/function), in the short term (comfort/value retention), later (upgrades). This way, you’ll avoid surprises after the first season.

In addition to the hull/engine, the following are particularly important for sailboats and motor sailers: rig (standing rigging, mast base, fittings), sail condition, winches, rudder/steering, and, if applicable, furling systems. With motorboats, the focus is more on the propulsion system (inboard/Z-drive/outboard), fuel system, cooling, and electrical components. In both cases, the condition and documentation matter more than a shiny appearance.

Typical documents include proof of ownership (purchase contract/chain of previous owners), registration (if applicable), invoices/maintenance records, documentation regarding modifications/refits, and, for newer boats, CE documentation (if applicable). Depending on the country or cruising area, additional documentation may be useful (e.g., insurance documents, mooring contract, winter storage invoices).

This is generally not recommended. Photos and descriptions help with the initial selection, but they do not replace an inspection and, ideally, a test drive. If you cannot be there in person, it makes sense to have an independent expert or a trusted person on site who can objectively assess the condition and functionality.

The standard procedure is: review the data/brochure in advance, then conduct an on-land inspection (hull, underwater hull, through-hull fittings), interior/technical check (electrical system, engine compartment), followed by a test drive (starting performance, temperatures, vibrations, maneuvering, and a sailing test if applicable). At the end, note any outstanding issues and assess follow-up costs—only then should you negotiate or reserve the boat.